Cultural Phylogenetics of the Tupi Language Family in Lowland South America (Walker, Wichmann, Mailund & Atkisson 2012)

Autor:	Walker, Robert S., Søren Wichmann, Thomas Mailund & Curtis J. Atkisson
Data:	2012
Título:	Cultural Phylogenetics of the Tupi Language Family in Lowland South America
Detalhes:	PLoS ONE 7(4): e35025

Itens afins

• Novos estudos sobre línguas indígenas (Rodrigues & Cabral 2005)
• As vogais orais do Proto-Tupí (Rodrigues 2005)
• “Made in Brazil”: Human Dispersal of the Brazil Nut in Ancient Amazon (Shepard & Ramirez 2012)
• Evidências lingüísticas para a reconstrução de um nominalizador de objeto **-mi- em Proto-Tupí (Rodrigues, Cabral & Silva 2006)
• Evidências lingüísticas da antigüidade do piolho e de outros parasitas do homem na Amazônia (Rodrigues 2005)
• A origem e o desenvolvimento de orações dependentes nas famílias do tronco lingüístico Tupi (Rodrigues & Cabral 2006)
• Resgate cultural

Acesso

http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035025

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journal.pone.0035025.pdf	PDF document	315.43 kB	Info

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Resumo

Recent advances in automated assessment of basic vocabulary lists allow the construction of linguistic phylogenies useful for tracing dynamics of human population expansions, reconstructing ancestral cultures, and modeling transition rates of cultural traits over time.
Methods

Here we investigate the Tupi expansion, a widely-dispersed language family in lowland South America, with a distance-based phylogeny based on 40-word vocabulary lists from 48 languages. We coded 11 cultural traits across the diverse Tupi family including traditional warfare patterns, post-marital residence, corporate structure, community size, paternity beliefs, sibling terminology, presence of canoes, tattooing, shamanism, men's houses, and lip plugs.
Results/Discussion

The linguistic phylogeny supports a Tupi homeland in west-central Brazil with subsequent major expansions across much of lowland South America. Consistently, ancestral reconstructions of cultural traits over the linguistic phylogeny suggest that social complexity has tended to decline through time, most notably in the independent emergence of several nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. Estimated rates of cultural change across the Tupi expansion are on the order of only a few changes per 10,000 years, in accord with previous cultural phylogenetic results in other language families around the world, and indicate a conservative nature to much of human culture.

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