“Made in Brazil”: Human Dispersal of the Brazil Nut in Ancient Amazon (Shepard & Ramirez 2012)

Autor:	Shepard Jr., Glenn H. & Henri Ramirez
Data:	2011
Título:	“Made in Brazil”: Human Dispersal of the Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) in Ancient Amazonia
Detalhes:	Economic Botany Volume 65, Number 1 (2011), 44-65

Itens afins

• Novos estudos sobre línguas indígenas (Rodrigues & Cabral 2005)
• As vogais orais do Proto-Tupí (Rodrigues 2005)
• Cultural Phylogenetics of the Tupi Language Family in Lowland South America (Walker, Wichmann, Mailund & Atkisson 2012)
• Evidências lingüísticas para a reconstrução de um nominalizador de objeto **-mi- em Proto-Tupí (Rodrigues, Cabral & Silva 2006)
• Estudos comparativos do léxico da fauna e flora Aruák (Brandão & Facundes 2007)
• Evidências lingüísticas da antigüidade do piolho e de outros parasitas do homem na Amazônia (Rodrigues 2005)
• A origem e o desenvolvimento de orações dependentes nas famílias do tronco lingüístico Tupi (Rodrigues & Cabral 2006)
• Resgate cultural

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Resumo

The Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa, is a colossal tree of terra firme forest whose seeds represent the most important non-timber forest product in Amazonia. Its peculiarly inefficient dispersal strategy and discontinuous distribution have led some to hypothesize anthropogenic origins, but evidence to date has been inconclusive. Here we present results of a multidisciplinary study addressing this question. A review of the geographic distribution of B. excelsa and comparison with that of similar Lecythis species suggest a number of anomalies that are consistent with a recent and wide colonization of Bertholletia. Published studies and field observations indicate that anthropogenic disturbance facilitates Brazil nut regeneration. Recent genetic studies showing no sequence diversity and no geographical structuring of within-population variability support a rapid and recent irradiation from an ancestral population. Historical linguistic analysis of indigenous terms for Brazil nut suggests a northern/eastern Amazonian origin for Bertholletia, with a concomitant spread of Brazil nut distribution or cultivation to the south and west. Such an expansion would have been particularly facilitated by the emergence of intensive bitter manioc cultivation and networks of interethnic trade beginning in the first millennium C.E. Together, ecological, phytogeographic, genetic, linguistic, and archeological data reinforce the hypothesis that ancient Amazonian peoples played a role in establishing this emblematic and economically important rainforest landscape.

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